How does an electric motor work? What's behind it

Almost every device that needs to be powered has a small or large electric motor. The motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Here, the mode of operation is based on the magnetic effect of the current. However, there is more behind the principle of an electric motor.

How an electric motor works

An electric motor consists of three main components: the stator, the rotor, and the commutator.

1. The stator is an immovable part in the motor. It is a permanent or electromagnet. Between the two poles of the stator is the rotor.
2. The rotor can rotate around the motor axis and is made of iron. A painted copper wire is wound around the rotor.
3. In addition, there is the commutator, which is located on the rotor. This has two current collectors, with the help of which the copper wire, in which the rotor is wound, is energized.
4. After the rotor has been energized, it becomes an electromagnet.
5. The rotor then begins to rotate, as equal magnetic poles repel each other - the south pole of the rotor electromagnet and the south pole of the stator.
6. Once the opposite poles of both magnets would meet, that is, after half a turn, the commutator is reversed. This is done with the help of the current collectors on the commutator, which switch between positive and negative poles after every half turn.
7. There are different types of electric motors, which also have correspondingly different attributes such as load capacity, reliability or efficiency.